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(No Model.) f 2 sheets-sheet 1. yT. H. WILLIAMS, S. D. TOMPKINS 8v J. N.MATLOGK.

RADIATOR. No. 309,811. N Patented 1360.23, 1884.

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Patented Dec. 23. 188.4.

RADIATOR.

(No Model.)

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

(UNITED, vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

rrHoMAS H. WILLIAMS AND SAMUEL D. froMrKiNs, oF. JERSEY CITY, NEWJERSEY, AND JOHN N. M AfrLocK, oEEEooKLYN, NEW YORK.

' RADIATOR.'

l v SPEIPICATION forming part of Let-ters Patent No. 309,811, datedDecember 23,v 1884.

Application iiled'Jnne 27. i883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: y

Be it known that we, THOMAS H. WILLIAMS and SAMUEL D.ToM1 KINs, bot-h ofJersey City,

in the county of Hudson and State'of New J er? sey, and JOHN N.MA'rLocK, of Brooklyn,Kings county, State of New York, have made aninvention of certain new and useful Improvements in Radiators forSteam-Heating; and

We do hereby declare that the following, in

^ ward between the heated surfaces, while at the same time the interiorsteam-passage ofthe radiator is well adapted to maintain thecirculationof a current of steam and lthe removal of air by reason of such current.The improvement has reference more particularly to indirect radiatorsfor heating a current of air which, subsequently to being heated, isconveyed to rooms by pipes; but` the improvements are applicable toradiators for all purposes.

The invention consists of a' peculiar pin-sur- 'faced loop-radiator, andof a combination of Y two or more rows of the same with a peculiarstepped base by which the steam is distributed to the severalv rows, allas recited in the claims at the close of this specification.V In orderthat the invention may befully u n-A derstood, we have represented inthe accompanying drawings, and will proceed to describe,- the best formin which we have thus far embodied our invention for practical use, it-be ing understood that the same may be varied as circumstances or theviews of different constructersor users may render expedient.

Figure 1 of said drawingsrepresents a side view of our pin-loopradiator. Fig. 2 represents a face view of the stepped base with saidpattern. Fig. 6 represents a transverse section ofthe greenfsand moldvfor said piuloop radiator, with the cores inplace ready for pouringwith melted iron. y

The leading feature of the said radiator is the pin-surfacedloop orpin-loop radiator A.

This article is alpipe having two internal longitudinal passages, b b,which are connected at theclosed .end so as to constitute a loop by across-passage, c, and which communicate at the opposite end ofthe loopwith the base D,

with which a series of such loops -are combiued for practical use. yTheexterior and interior ofjth'is loop are studded with pins e e e e,bywhich the extent of radiating-surface is greatly increased, while atthe Same time the edge of the loop is important, becausethe pins soarranged protrude into the spaces through which the air moves and heatit more eiiectnally. One or more rows of these pin-loop radiators arecombined with a base, preferably by constructing the open 'end m of theloop of circular cross-section and screwing it into an opening inthebase.

For indirect heating the base is constructed with one or both of its.Sides in a series of steps, n n um, which are perforated with rows ofholes, into which the pin-surfaced loops are iitted,and thesteps havetheir faces constructed at an angle vwith the plane of the base, so thatthe loops are inclined, as represented inthe drawings, Fig.` 3, wherebythe delivery of condensed water is facilitated, and the horizontal arearequired for a radiator is reduced. The base is made with Suitablenozzles, r s, for the introduction of steam andthe escape of con- ,70The arrangement of the pins in the opening f and at the peripheralportant, because it enables the centers of the seats or placesofattachment of the loop-pipes to be set substantially in thesame uprightplane, notwithstanding the inclination of the 5 loops, so that thecompound radiator occupies less space horizontally as compared'with thatwhich Would-be occupied if the inclined loops projected from au inclinedcontinuous plane surface, in which case the outer ends of Io each lowerrow of loops would project beyond those of the rows of loops above'them.

We are aware that radiators have been made with pin-surfaces longprevious to our invention; but in such cases they had but one Vin- :5Yternal passage for steam, and as this passage was heated practicallyuniformly throughout, the circulation was defective. The previousradiators, also being flat -and broad, were necessarily too Weak towithstand internal press- 2o ure, unless made of much greater thicknessthan is necessary with loop-pipes such; as are represented 'in' thedrawings. The defects of the previous pin-surfaced radiators and theircost are so great that frequent efforts have been made to overcome suchdefects, and We I sought to do so by the production of looppipes withpin-surfaces. The first eiforts were practically unsuccesful, because ofthe impossibility of molding such pipes by the ordinary methods, as theinternal pins of the pattern cannot be drawn out of the mold when thepatterns are made in the usual manner for smooth-surface loop-pipes. vWehave, however, discovered that pin-surfaced loop-pipes may bereadily'molded by forming the part ofthe mold which makes the surfacesof the sides ofthe passage through theloop bymeansof d ry'- sand coreshaving their faces formed with cavities corresponding in form. and sizewith the 4o pins to beproduced in casting the loop, while the parts ofthe mold at the outer surfaces of the loops may be made of green sand,provided the patterns are made in sections, parts of which may be movedcrosswise of the direc-lion in which the pattern is drawn from the sanXVe prefer to make the pattern for molding the pin-loop radiators asrepresented in Figs.

4 and 5, the pattern being divided at the line vu u into halvesconnectedby pins, and each half being formed'of three membersH I I. The sidemembers,'l I, are connected with the central member, by means ofdovetail tongues t t, fitting into corresponding' grooves' and taperedfrom the o uter faces of the pattern tothe dividing-lineuuthereof.Theside members have pin projections e e', corresponding with the pinstobe produced by casting. The pattern is molded in a two-part flask ofordinary construction, and the central member, H, of each half is drawnrst from the sand,. after which the side members, I I, may bedrawnfro`m.the sand bymovingthemcrosswise until their pin projections arefree of the sand.4 The dry-sand cores for the central `passage of tle 65 loop a're'made and dried in the usual manner, f their section beingshown at J J in Fig. 6. They and the pipe-cores K K are inserted in themold beforel the flask is closed," so thatA when the mold is ready forbeing poured with 7o the' molten metal its cross-section is as shown inFig. 6.

Having thus described our invention, we declare that we do not claimradiators having their broad ilat surfacesstudded with pins. We areaware, also, that radiating pipes and tubes have been'projectedlaterally and upward] y from bases, and therefore do not claim, V

broadly, that combination; nor do We claim the combination of rows ofpipe-radiators with 8o a base having an inclined continuous plane.surface from which the radiator-pi pes project.

We claim as our invention-- l The pin-loop radiator, substantially asbefore set forth, consisting of a loop-pipe having the edges of the loopstudded with pins in one piece with the pipe.

2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of rows ofpin-loop radiators with a hollow stepped base-plate. j

In witness whereof we have hereto set our hands this 15th day of June,A. D. 1883.

THOS. H. 'WILLIAMS S. D. TOMPKINS. JOHN N. MATLOCK.

Witnesses: i

J. L. ToMPKINs, CEAS. V. TUgrnILL.

